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Fishing was an essential source of food in Prehistory and became a commercial activity in Antiquity. Deep-sea fishing first emerged in the 15th century, but really took off with the arrival of steam boats in the 19th century. The more powerful trawlers were able to pull larger nets. Recreational fishing, reserved for the wealthy classes in the 18th century, became more accessible as technological advances enabled better equipment to be produced at a lower cost.Pêche histoire—WEB—2.png© akg-images / Hervé Champollion – Fishing in Ancient Egypt, wall relief, Saqqara necropolis, 24th century BCEA history of fishing practicesish fossils found during archaeological digs appear to show that Homo habilis then Homo erectus were the first fishermen, some 500 000 years agoHowever, fishing probably only really developed after the appearance of Homo sapiens during the Upper Paleolithic period between 40 000 and 10 000 years BCE. Very little is known about the different fishing practices. Subsistence fishing at that time consisted in catching fish by hand or by using rudimentary tools made from natural materials of which no trace remains. It would have been mainly practised by populations established near lakes and rivers.


The spear, net, line and rod seem to have appeared almost simultaneously in Egypt around 3500 BCE. Subsistence fishing changed little over the centuries and some techniques are still used today in recreational fishing in the West. During Graeco-Roman Antiquity, fishing was the main subject of the Halieutika, the earliest surviving treatise on sea fishing written by the poet Oppian of Corycus. The Romans were major consumers and traders of the resources from the Mediterranean Basin. They fished mainly using different types of nets. Since the principle of refrigeration had not yet been developed, fish which was not immediately eaten was fermented and transformed into garum, a popular condiment. During the Middle Ages in Europe, feudal lords owned the rivers and lakes. River fishing was strictly regulated and permitted for people in religious communities whose diets were punctuated by periods of fasting. However, from the middle of the 11th century, the construction of ponds developed, heralding the beginning of fish farming. From the 15th century, deep-sea sea fishing and the trade of fish expanded

