Programmer What’s Your Address no Your Local Address Shirt
ResultsThe sequenced individuals were morphologically typical for the respective species. Mapping Illumina reads against the polar bear genome23 yielded an average coverage of 11X. Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 detail the sequencing and assembly data, and provide accession numbers of the included species. As a basis for subsequent analyses, non-overlapping 100 kb Genome Fragments (GFs) were extracted from polar bear scaffolds > 1 megabase (Mb). These have presumably a higher assembly quality than smaller fragments and still represent > 96% of the genome (Supplementary Fig. 1). Heterozygous sites, gaps, repetitive sequences, and transposable element sequences were removed from GF alignments (Supplementary Fig. 2). Pedigrees (Supplementary Fig. 3) and genome-wide heterozygosity plots (Supplementary Fig. 4) show that the sequenced individuals are neither hybrids nor, compared to wild specimens, severely inbred.
Programmer What’s Your Address no Your Local Address Shirt
The genomic era allows a detailed analyses of how gene flow from hybridization affects genomes, and has revealed much more complex evolutionary histories than previously anticipated for many species, including our own18,19,20. Multiple genomic studies on polar, brown bears and the giant panda10,21,22,23 lead to a wealth of available genomic data in these species. We investigated all living Ursinae and Tremarctinae bear species based on six newly sequenced bear genomes and published ones. Methods specifically developed to deal with complex genome data24,25 and gene flow18,26 are applied to resolve and understand the processes that have shaped the evolution of bears.